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Cadmium Sulfide Nanopowder/Nanoparticle and Its Applications

Cadmium sulfide is the inorganic compound with the formula CdS. Cadmium Sulfide Nano powder (CdS, 99.95+%,   5 nm) is a yellow solid. It occurs in nature with two different crystal structures as the rare minerals greenockite and hawleyite. As a compound that is easy to isolate and purify, cadmium sulfide the principal source of cadmium for all commercial applications. Its vivid yellow color led to its adoption as a pigment for the yellow paint "cadmium yellow" in the 18th century.
The nanoparticles/nanopowder of cadmium sulfide show unique physical, chemical and structural properties from the bulk. The melting point, electronic absorption spectra, band gap energy crystal structure, and other properties of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles/nanopowder are affected by size. Thus, cadmium sulfide on the whole is an attractive system for practicing synthetic chemistry for nanocrystals and for understanding the chemistry, growth history of nanomaterials and also for various technical applications.
Colloidal dispersions of cadmium sulfide semiconductor nanoparticles/nanopowder can display spectacular color changes of their fluorescence depending on the size of the particle. The cadmium sulfide nanoparticles/nanopowder shows quantum size effect, due to which the size of the cadmium sulfide particles is directly related to the absorption wavelength. The structure of the nanocrystalline cadmium sulfide can play an important role in determining the electronic properties. It can crystallize in different structures upon size reduction, depending upon the reaction conditions.
Due to high stability, excellent physical, chemical and structural properties, availability, ease of preparation and handling, cadmium sulfide nanomaterials can be exploited in various fields of life. Owing to quantum size effects and surface effects, cadmium sulfide nanoparticles/nanopowder can display novel optical, electronic, magnetic, chemical and structural properties that might find many important technological applications. Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles/nanopowder are also used as pigment in paints and in engineered plastic due to their good thermal stability. Cadmium sulfide have large band gap energy of 2.42eV at room temperature that enables its nanoparticles/nanopowder to be remarkable in optoelectronics, photonics, photovoltaics and photocatalysis. Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles/nanopowder can be used in optoelectronics for making photocells, light emitting diode (LED), lasers, field-effect transistors (FETs) and address decoders. In photonics, due to its photoconducting and electrical properties cadmium sulfide can be used in sensors, photodetectors, optical filters, and all optical switches. Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles/nanopowder exhibits high photosensitivity and its band gap appears in the visible spectrum, enabling it to be useful for many commercial and potential applications in photovoltaics, as hetero-junction solar cells and thin film solar cells. In photocatalysis, owing to its photochemical and catalytic properties, cadmium sulfide nanoparticles/nanopowder can be used for water splitting (hydrogen production) as well as for water and air purification. Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles/nanopowder can be used for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer due to its high optical and fluorescence properties. Diagnosis or imaging of cancer cells can be done by accumulating cadmium sulfide nanoparticles/nanopowder inside cancer cells, which then can be easily visualized by irradiated with ultra violet radiation. For treatment of cancer, photo activation of fluorescent cadmium sulfide nanoparticles/nanopowder accumulated within cancer cell with radio sensitizing agents could induce cell death. In ophthalmology the cadmium sulfide nanoparticles/nanopowder can be used for the purposes of visualization as well as for drug delivery to the tissues of the eye, including retina and cornea. 
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