Nanografi Nanotechnology

Innovative insulation products produced with  nanotechnology  give signs of how much the industry will develop in the future.                                                                                                                         Image Credit  :  http://graphenewholesale.com/graphene-aerogel/ Aerogel, first developed in 1931, consists of more than 90% air. Thus, aerogel becomes a highly effective insulating material from any solid material with low thermal conductivity. Developed by Aspen Aerogels and 2 to 8 times more effective than conventional insulation products, AeroGel offers the most suitable options for use in different applications by transfor...

                                                      http://www.goodhousekeeping.com/home/gardening/g2681/plant-leaves/ Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)  are not only an alloptrope of carbon but also an important materials in biological sciences. There are several unique properties of carbon nanotubes.They show extraordinary strength and unique electrical properties. Moreover they work as efficient conductors of heat. They take their names from their size, since the diameter of a nanotube is on the order of a few nanometers. They are approximately 50,000 times smaller than the width of a human hair. Furthermore, they can be up to several millimeters in length. Beside these important properties,  carbon nanotubes  induce plant cell growth. For example, Tomato plant grown in soil supplemented with CNTs produce two times more flowers and fru...

As we all may accept that nanotechnology is a key technology for 21st century. Nanotechnology provides unique products and applications of innovative techniques in medicine, pharmacy and computer technology. One of the most important materials related to nanotechnology is obviously graphene. The demand for carbon nanostructures particularly carbon nanotubes and graphene, is increasing rapidly in electrical, mechanical, optical and other unique properties. Nowadays, great efforts have been made toward the preparation of  Graphene Sheet  (10 cm x 10 cm) . Carbon has a unique feature of forming a chemically stable two-dimensional one atom thick sheet called as graphene. Graphene is the most thinnest and the strongest material ever to be measured. Also graphene has very high thermal conductivity and stiffness and is impermeable to gases. Researchers have been looking for possible applications of graphene in high-speed and radio frequency logic devices, thermally and electri...

Image retrieved from : www.nanowerk.com NANOTECHNOLOGY IN WESTERN EUROPE The nanotechnology started early with the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NION) initiated in 1986 by the UK National Physics Laboratory and DTI in Western Europe, where UK, Germany, France, Sweden and the Netherlands are particularly strong. First the nanotechnology institute was established and the "1998-2002 Foresight Program" announced nanotechnology as a strategic interest. Programs involving all of Europe, as well as national initiatives, have been put into effect. In the European Union, which was designated as the primary research area in October 2000, Nanotechnology allocated 82 million euros between 1998 and 2002 and 1.3 billion euros in the 6 th Framework Program covering 2002-2006. The large multinational companies of Europe, which make AR-GE in nanotechnology, Philips, Siemens, Bayer, Henkel, Degussa, Thompson CSF and Air Liquide. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN USA The "National Nanot...

Photo retrieved from http://www.activistpost.com/2012/01/arrival-of-nanotech-medicine-and-what.html Modern medicine is based on nanotechnology. Nanotechnology could be used in drug delivery. One of the major challenge of modern medicine is that the body doesn't absorb the entire drug dose given to a patient. Scientists can ensure drugs are delivered to specific areas in the body with greater precision, and the drugs can be formulated so that the active ingredient better permeates cell membranes, reducing the required dose. Additionally, there is an urgent need in the developing world for better disease diagnosis, and nanotechnology offers a multitude of options for detecting disease. Carbon nanotubes, cancer biosensors, nanowires, probes are used for diagnosis. Posted by Direniş ÇAYLI on February 17, 2017             https://nanografi.com/blog/nanotechnology-a...

photo retrieved from  https://uwaterloo.ca/chemistry/international-year-chemistry/periodic-table-project/holmium - Holmium is a chemical element with symbol Ho and atomic number 67. - Holmium is a rare earth element. - Holmium is a bright, soft, silvery-white, rare earth metal that is both ductile and malleable. - Holmium does not react in dry air at normal temperatures, but rapidly oxidizes to a yellow oxide (Ho2O3) in moist air or when heated. - Holmium has unusual magnetic properties, including the highest magnetic moment (10.6 µB) of any naturally occurring element. - As a result of its special magnetic properties, holmium is used in alloys for the production of magnets and as a flux concentrator for high magnetic fields. - Holmium is considered to be of low toxicity. - Holmia (holmium oxide) is used as a yellow or red coloring for glass and cubic zirconia. - Holmium isotopes are good neutron absorbers and are used in nuclear react...

https://nanografi.com/blog/lutetium-element-facts-/ Photo retrieved from https://uwaterloo.ca/chemistry/international-year-chemistry/periodic-table-project/lutetium - Lutetium is a chemical element with symbol Lu and atomic number 71 -Origin of name of Lutetium is Lutetia, the ancient name of Paris. - Lutetium is the last element in the lanthanide series, and is traditionally counted among the rare earths. - Lutetium is a silvery white metal, which resists corrosion in dry, but not in moist air. - Lutetium is not a particularly abundant element, although it is significantly more common than silver in the earth's crust. - Lutetium is considered to be non toxic. - Lutetium tarnishes slowly in air and burns at 150 oC to the oxide. - Lutetium is the densest and hardest of the lanthanides. - When present in compounds, lutetium exists usually in the trivalent state, Lu 3+ Most of its salts are colorless . - Lutetium oxide is used to make catalysts for cracking hydrocarbo...

Lifetimes of Aluminum metal in nuclear reactors or other chemical environments can be improved by new treatment with Carbon Nanotube. Image retrieved from: http://fastcache.gawkerassets.com/assets/images/8/2011/03/cooling-towers-of-a-nuclear-power-station.jpg One of the most important difficulty in nuclear reactors is limited operating lifetime because of exposion of metals to heavy radiation environment resulted cracking and then failure. MIT researchers has found the positive effects of CNT addition to the metal on this obstruction. However, this study is only valid for usage of Al metal at lower temperature conditions. Improvement of operating lifetime of Aluminum had significant importance because it is used in different area such as reactor components, nuclear batteries, spacecraft and container for nuclear waste. When the CNT was dispersed in the metal uniformly, the radiation damage for long periods can reduced without any degradation. Radiation exposure causes dwellin...

Photo retrieved fromhttp://sod-a.rsc-cdn.org/www.rsc.org/periodic-table/content/Images/Elements/Europium-L.jpg?6.0.3.0 - Europium, a member of the lanthanides group of elements - Europium can be easily molded or shaped and is about as hard as lead. - Europium is the most reactive of the rare earth metals, quickly oxidizing in air and, like calcium, it reacts quickly and vigorously with water. - Europium can be found in the ores bastnasite and monazite. The element has also been identified in the sun and some stars. - Europium is considered to be mildly toxic. The metal dust is considered to be a fire and explosion hazard. - Europium is the most reactive of the rare earth metals and ignites in air at temperatures in excess of 150° C to 180° C. - Unlike most other rare earth metals, europium can form stable compounds in the divalent state, Eu2+ (europous) as well as the usual trivalent state, Eu3+ (europic). - Europium is also used in phosphors in anti-forgery marks on E...

Image retrieved from: http://www.ciaindumentaria.com.ar/plataforma/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/nanopic.jpg Recently, nanomaterials are widely preferred from textile manufacturers due to their excellent properties such as high mechanical strength, chemical resistance, water repellence, antibacterial properties etc. Still, a lot of research are carried in this area to improve textile products which already be used. To obtain nano-enhanced textiles, different kinds of processing techniques are needed because existing manufacturing processes are not very suitable. In this case, manufacturing costs, quality control and homogeneity of nanoparticle dispersion through the fabric become problematic issues. Another important issue to be considered for nanoparticle usage is any effects on human health and environment. Although some studies have focused on this issue, still toxicity of nanomaterials in textile product is not fully understood. In fabric composites, conventional, ...

-Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium. -Its chemical formula is TiO 2 . - Titanium dioxide is a white, opaque and naturally- occurring mineral found in two main forms: rutile and anatase. - Titanium dioxide is odorless and absorbent. - It is mainly sourced from ilmenite ore. - The most important application areas are paints and varnishes as well as paper and plastics, which account for about 80% of the world's titanium dioxide consumption. - This mineral can be found in many products, ranging from paint to food to cosmetics. In cosmetics and personal care products , it serves several purposes. It is a white pigment, an opacifier and a sunscreen. - Titanium dioxide in inhalable forms is designated as a possible carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) . - Titanium dioxide is also used as a material in the memristor, a new electronic circuit element. It can be employed for ...

Innovative insulation products produced with nanotechnology give signs of how much the industry will develop in the future. Image Credit : http://graphenewholesale.com/graphene-aerogel/ Aerogel, first developed in 1931, consists of more than 90% air. Thus, aerogel becomes a highly effective insulating material from any solid material with low thermal conductivity. Developed by Aspen Aerogels and 2 to 8 times more effective than conventional insulation products, AeroGel offers the most suitable options for use in different applications by transforming it into an extremely strong, durable, thin and flexible insulating material. Advantages of Aerogel insulation products: Lowest heat transmittance compared to any industrial insulation product 2 to 8 times more insulation performance than traditional methods Same or better insulation performance with lower weight and less volume Significant savings in operations and in cost EXAMPLES OF AEROGEL APPLICATIONS LNG Vessels, Stora...

This year, the Nobel Prize of chemistry went to the three scientists who developed the smallest machines in the world “nanorobots”. These nanorobots are smaller than the human hair which can be used in different applications. The most promising field for these incredibly small machines are in medical fields where these robots can reach inside the cells of human body. These nanorobots are made of different materials which can be moved by external stimulation such as light and magnet. One example of these nanorobots is based on an engine made out of graphene. This engine is developed by a group of researchers from Singapore who believe it could power nanorobots to be used in attacking cancer cells. The graphene engine is made out of highly elastic piece of graphene which is inserted by chlorine and fluorine molecule. Firing the engine by a laser causes it to expand, turning the laser on and off makes it jumping back and forth like a piston in the car. More applications of graphene is s...

Beryllium is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Be and atomic number 4. It has several unique properties: - Beryllium is uniquely strong, - Beryllium is uniquely light, - Beryllium is used to make cell phones, missiles and aircrafts, - Beryllium is in fact highly toxic and should therefore never be tasted, - Beryllium is one of the lightest metals and has one of the highest melting points among the light metals, - Beryllium is Steel gray in color, - Beryllium's modulus of elasticity is about one-third greater than steel, - Beryllium is nonmagnetic and resistant to concentrated nitric acid, - Beryllium is also has superior thermal conductivity and resists oxidation in air in normal temperatures, - Beryllium improves many physical properties when added as an alloying element to aluminium, copper (notably the alloy beryllium copper), iron and nickel, - Beryllium does not form oxides until it reaches very high temperatures, - Beryl...

Silicon is the 2nd most abundant element in the universe by mass, making up 25.7% of the crust. It rarely occurs as the pure element in nature more widely appeared as a compound most common form is SiO 2 , or silica dioxide. It has many industrial applications, one of the most used application is in electronics in the form of pure silicon. Pure silicon is the principal component of most semiconductor devices, most importantly integrated circuits or computer chips. It is prepared as wafers with high purity and crystallinity and cut into ships to be used in most electronic devices. Silicon wafers are also widely used in solar cells for their good photovoltaic properties. There are different types of silicon wafers made for different applications. They differ according to the preparation methods and the material used for the preparation. For example,monocrystalline Czochralski silicon wafers (Cz-Si Wafers) are widely used in electronic ships because of its production in large cylin...

The lotus plant ( Nelumbo nucifera ) is a very interesting plant. Although it grows in muddy waters, its leaves always appear clean. The lotus effect refers to self-cleaning properties that are a result of ultrahydrophobicity as exhibited by the leaves of  Nelumbo . By using reflection electron microscopy (REM) observation and investigations into the surface have shown that the surface of the leaf has a special, characteristic roughness. Main properties of the surface of the lotus leaf are systematically arranged and water-repellent. Moreover, nano-size wax crystals form three-dimensional structures. The high surface tension of water causes droplets to assume a nearly spherical shape.Thanks to minimal surface area of sphere, and this shape therefore demands least solid-liquid surface energy. On contact with a surface, adhesion forces result in wetting of the surface. Thanks to the combination of waxes' water-repellent chemical properties, lotus leaf is extremely non-wetta...

Image retrieved from: https://www.lawsonresearch.ca/news/study-casts-doubt-clinical-significance-gadolinium-brain-deposits To obtain improved tissue images by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), contrast agents like Gadolinium, Iron Oxide, Iron Platinum, Manganese etc. are generally used. These materials should bind with a carrier compound in order to prevent toxicity of free ion such as Gadolinium into the human body. By the contrast agents, identifying the structural details in the body is mostly enhanced but current materials used for this purposes have some deficiencies such as difficult to recognize diseases in early stages. Also, these materials are not very sensitive their biochemical environment so this limits their applications in MRI. The research performed in Department of Chemistry at the University of Basel revealed a new type of nanoparticles which can be used as smart contrast agents for MRI. These new nanoparticles were developed by co-assembly of heparin function...

                                                   Image retrieved from: http://tcr.amegroups.com/article/view/1547/html To treat the cancer is an inherently difficult. Sometimes after tumors have been removed, residual cancer cells remain and even live. Also, parts of a tumor cannot be removed in some cases because cancer cells attach to a vital organ.The therapeutic values of Gold nanoparticles are related with their distinctive physical properties, their interaction with tumors and destroy cancer cells. By the help of enhanced permeability characteristics of the dozens of Gold nanoparticles, cancer cells can be enveloped and annihilated.Gold nanoparticles can damage cancer cells by photo thermal ablation through mechanical damage. Therefore, healthy cells can live untouched. Moreover, because of their high atomic mass,gold nanoparticlescan absorb sign...

Photo retrieved from http://www.boliden.com/fi/Press/Press-images/Products/Silver/ Silver  is one of the most popular material in last decade. Silver nanoparticles have been hitting the headlines for a few years now, both as a smart new technology for preventing bacterial infection, and as a potential new health and environmental threat. part from antibacterial properties,there are several application area of silver nanoparticles since silver has remarkable characteristics. Silver nanoparticles  are  nanoparticles  of  silver  of between 1 nm and 100 nm in size.Silver nanoparticles  have unique optical, electrical, and thermal properties  and are being incorporated into products that range from photovoltaics to biological and chemical sensors. The unique properties of silver nanoparticles make them ideal for numerous technologies, including biomedical, materials, optical, and antimicrobial applications, as well as for use in nanotoxicology...

Silicon Carbide is an inorganic material and non-oxide ceramics. Many of researches have been performed and continue for Silicon Carbide ceramic material due to having a range of properties for the advanced technological applications. Besides of chemical stability, thermal stability and thermal shock resistance of Silicon Carbide, mechanical properties such as hardness and wear resistance are excellent for many engineering purposes like filter and catalyst supports for elevated temperatures, seal pumps for automotive water pumps, heat exchangers, bearing and abrasion resistant components or composite materials in armor protection. Silicon Carbide usage in medicine is also important due to biocompatibility feature of Silicon Carbide. Therefore, Silicon Carbide has already been used in myocardial heart probes, bone prosthetics and coronary heart stents. Most of these applications, light weight, stiff and strong porous structure of Silicon Carbide are needed. One way to obtain light we...