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Lanthanum nickel oxide with the chemical formula of LaNiO3 is an important perovskite-type oxide with metallic conductivity. Lanthanum nickel oxide is a ternary compound with unique chemical and physical properties. It shows an extended range of oxygen-deficient compositions, an uncommon intrinsic n-type metallic conductance, a perovskite crystal structure and thermal and chemical stability. These characteristics make LNO a technologically important perovskite oxide electrode in many potential applications such as ferroelectric thin film capacitors, solid oxide fuel cells, nonvolatile ferroelectric random access memories and multilayer actuators. Furthermore, LNO films have potential to be used as oxygen pressure and ethanol active sensing layers. Also, the reduced La–Ni mixed oxides are reported to be good catalyst precursors to synthesized organic compounds and to grow large amounts of regular diameter distribution controlled carbon nanotubes. Different chemical and physical thi

Lead zirconium titanate is an inorganic compound. It is a ceramic perovskite material that shows a marked piezoelectric effect, meaning that the compound changes shape when an electric field is applied. Lead zirconium titanate is used in a number of practical applications such as ultrasonic transducers and piezoelectric resonators. Lead zirconium titanate was first developed around 1952 at the Tokyo Institute of Technology. It is composed of the elements lead and zirconium combined with the chemical compound titanate and was formed under extremely high temperatures. It is a white solid that is insoluble in all solvents. Lead zirconium titanate exhibit great sensitivity and have a high operating temperature. Due to its physical strength, chemical inertness, tailorability, and relatively inexpensive manufacture costs, it is one of the most commonly used piezo ceramics used in the industry. Lead zirconium titanate is known has the highest dielectric constant among advanced ceramic ma

Erbium oxide with a chemical formula of Er2O3 is an oxide of erbium metal. The applications of erbium oxide are varied due to their electrical, optical and photoluminescence properties. Nanoscale materials doped with Er+3 are of much interest because they have special particle-size-dependent optical and electrical properties. Erbium oxide doped nanoparticle materials can be dispersed in glass or plastic for display purposes, such as display monitors. The spectroscopy of Er+3 electronic transitions in host crystals lattices of nanoparticles combined with ultrasonically formed geometries in aqueous solution of carbon nanotubes is of great interest for synthesis of photoluminescence nanoparticles in ‘green’ chemistry. Erbium oxide is among the most important rare earth metals used in biomedicine. Erbium oxides are also used as gate dielectrics in semiconductor devices since it has a high dielectric constant (10–14) and a large band gap. Erbium is sometimes used as a coloring for glasse

Cerium is a member of the lanthanide series of metals and is the most abundant amongst the rare-earth elements in the earth’s crust. Cerium oxide can be useful in various optical and electronic applications because of its high refractive index and its dielectric constant. Also, for corrosion protective coatings cerium oxide can be chosen instead of chromate based coatings. You may reach out a paper related to this application from the link given below. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256690910_Deposition_of_cerium_oxide_thin_films_by_reactive_magnetron_sputtering_for_the_development_of_corrosion_protective_coatings Cerium oxide is an inexpensive the most studied material and is widely used in many applications such as polishing materials, automotive exhaust catalyst, gas sensors, electrolyte materials, oxygen storage, oxide fuel cells. Cerium oxide is suitable for microelectronics, various optical, electrooptical, and optoelectronic devices, due to its unique properti

Chromium oxide is the inorganic compound of the formula Cr2O3. Chromium oxide sputtering targets are used in many applications. Not let’s look at some examples where chromium oxide sputtering targets are used. Cr2O3 thin films exhibit high hardness values and low friction coefficients. These properties make chromium oxide a serious candidate to replace transition metal nitrides or Al2O3 in special applications. You can reach out detailed information from the link given below. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0257897299003849 Thin films of chromium oxide are an important material for a wide variety of optical and electrical applications. Many integrated circuit, flat panel display and optical devices require thin films of chromium oxide. You may find a patent related to this topic in the link given below. https://patents.google.com/patent/US20080296149 Another study about chromium oxide sputtering targets is related with magnetic recording applications. Hard

Chromium is a silvery, lustrous, hard, and brittle metal known for its high mirror polish and corrosion resistance. Chromium sputtering targets find a large usage area in automobile industry. To form a shiny coating found on wheels and bumpers chromium sputtering targets are good materials. In many vacuum applications like automotive glass coatings chromium sputtering targets can be used. Chromium has high resistance to corrosion and this property makes chromium sputtering targets suitable to obtain corrosion resistance coatings. In industry hard material coatings obtained by chromium sputtering targets optimally protect engine components such as piston rings against premature wear and consequently extend the useful life of important engine parts. Chromium sputtering targets also find usage areas in photovoltaic cell fabrication and battery fabrication. As a summary, when we look at the whole applications where chromium sputtering targets are used we see that they are used

Cobalt, iron and boron get together to form an alloy and this alloy can be used as a sputtering target. Let’s look at the applications that cobalt, iron and boron alloy can be used. Boron alloy with transition metals like cobalt iron boron have many attractive properties, including high melting point and hardness, good wear and corrosion resistance, excellent electrical conductivity, and resistance to attack by molten metals. There therefore appears to be significant scope for enhancing surface properties of metals and ceramics by applying coatings constituted from these materials. Also, there are many applications which require a high ultimate tensile strength, high thermal stability and ease of fabricability. All these properties can be obtained by using alloys. For example, metal ribbons used in razor blade applications usually undergo a heat treatment of about 370° C for about 30 min to bond an applied coating of polytetrafluoroethylene to the metal. Likewise, metal strands us