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Improvement of Hydrogen Storage with Nanomaterials


Hydrogen is the most promising fuel for the next generation energy applications. It is preferred due to it is very clean and efficient. However, hydrogen in its gas state is very dangerous especially in transportation application. The integration of the nanotechnology in the field of the hydrogen storage and transport is showing fabulous results. These results can be achieved by the preparation of the nanoparticles that have the high capacity for the hydrogen storage or the ability to extract hydrogen from the stable and safe chemicals that can be used. Few materials can act like a sponge for the absorption and release of hydrogen, these materials are the best choice for hydrogen storage systems. Some of the critical issues that faces such systems are the amount of hydrogen that can be stored in such materials and how fast can the hydrogen be stored and released.

Nanomaterials with such properties show high potential for high quantity storage and fast adsorption and release of the hydrogen. Nanomaterials such as, nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanocomposite, and nanofibers are used and studied for these applications. Continuous research for the synthesis and the characterization of new nanomaterials is conducted for the improvement of the existing materials and the introduction of new ones that may have extraordinary properties.
The most important property of these nanomaterials is the high surface area and volume to mass ratio. This enables them to interact with more hydrogen atoms and to have ability to store mare of them. Moreover, it allows them to have more space in the bottom which speed up the adsorption and the release process. Some examples of these materials are lithium nitride, platinum nanoparticles, borohydrides nanoparticles, carbonaceous nanomaterials such as graphene and nanotubes.

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