Yttrium is a chemical element with symbol Y and atomic number 39. Yttrium is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and has often been classified as a "rare-earth element". Yttrium is almost always found in combination with lanthanide elements in rare-earth minerals, and is never found in nature as a free element.
The most important uses of yttrium sputtering targets are LEDs and phosphors, particularly the red phosphors in television set cathode ray tube (CRT) displays. Yttrium is also used in the production of electrodes, electrolytes, electronic filters, lasers, superconductors, various medical applications, and tracing various materials to enhance their properties.
Yttrium sputtering targets can be also used as sputtering targets. For example photocathodes are one of the examples that yttrium sputtering targets can be used.
When we look at the photocathodes we see that they require high-brilliance electron injectors for electron-beam applications. Three major parameters defining the efficiency of the photocathode performance are work function of the material, electron escape length, and attenuation length. However, the photocathode geometry and the materials can be optimized to reduce the length that the electrons need to travel to escape and attenuation length, respectively. Therefore, low work function photocathodes possessing high melting points are preferred in bulk or thin film form, as they are expected to emit more electrons with the best figure of merit. Recently, low work function photocathode emitters based on polymer shave emerged. But yttrium can be a key element for this application.
Yttrium is a good candidate owing to its low work function. For photocathode applications, films of yttrium can be grown by different techniques viz. pulsed laser deposition, magnetron sputtering, ion-beam sputtering, and e-beam evaporation, etc.
To see nanomechanical and optical properties of yttrium thin films by magnetron sputtering, you may read the article given on the link below:
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