Nanografi Nanotechnology

   Hydroxylapatite , also referred to as hydroxyapatite (HA), is a calcium apatite in its naturally occurring mineral form with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH). A fluorapatite or chlorapatite may be produced if the OH−ion is replaced by fluoride, chloride or carbonate. Hydroxylapatite crystallizes in the hexagonal crystal pattern. Pure hydroxylapatite powder is of white color. However, naturally occurring apatites can also have brown, yellow, or green hue, resembling the coloration of dental fluorosis. Hydroxyapatite Nanopowder/Nanoparticle (HApN) , nanodots or nanocrystals are spherical or faceted high surface area oxide magnetic nanostructured particles. Nanoscale Hydroxyapatite Nanopowder/Nanoparticle (HApN) are normally 20-80 nanometers (nm) with specific surface area (SSA) in the 15 - 50 m2/g range but sometimes available with an average particle size of 100 nm range with a specific surface area of approximately 5 - 10 m2/g. Hydroxyapatite Nanopowder/Nanoparticle (HApN)  is wid

  Nanocalcite is a carbonate mineral and the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3).  Nanocalcite  crystals are trigonal-rhombohedral. Nanocalcite is transparent to opaque and may occasionally show phosphorescence or fluorescence. The nature, shape and dispersion characteristics of the nanocalcite particles effect the mechanical and other properties of the polymers. The calcium, carbon and oxygen atoms can arrange themselves in three different ways, to form three different calcium carbonate minerals. The most common arrangement is the hexagonal form known as  calcite . A number of different nanocalcite crystal forms are possible: scalenohedral, rhombohedral and prismatic. The advantages of using nanocalcite are that, they can improve the air-tightness, opacity, resistivity and stiffness, and provide good stability, and good electricity insulation. Therefore, use of nanocalcite is important in composite materials. Nanocalcite has been used extensively as filling mater

Nanoclays are  nanoparticles/nanopowder  of layered mineral silicates optimized for use in clay nanocomposites– multi-functional material systems with several property enhancements.  Nanoclays  are a broad class of naturally occurring inorganic minerals. Nanoclays are the most commonly used commercial additive for the preparation of nanocomposites, accounting for nearly 80% of the volume used. And depending on chemical composition and  nanoparticle/nanopowder  morphology, nanoclays are organized into several classes such as montmorillonite, bentonite, kaolinite, hectorite, and halloysite of which plate-like montmorillonite is the most commonly used in materials applications. Montmorillonite nanoclay consists of ~ 1 nm thick aluminosilicate layers surface-substituted with metal cations and stacked in ~ 10 µm-sized multilayer stacks. Even at low nanoclay loading (a few weight %),the entire  nanocomposite  consists of interfacial polymer, with majority of polymer chains residing in c

                            Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs)  represent a new class of carbon nanoparticles/nanopowder with multifunctional properties. Graphene nanoplatelets are unique  nanoparticles/nanopowder  consisting of small stacks of graphene sheets having a platelet shape that are identical to those found in the walls of  carbon nanotubes , but in a planar form. Graphene nanoplatelets can replace carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes,  nano-clays , or other compounds in many composite applications. Graphene nanoplatelets unique size and platelet morphology makes these particles especially effective at providing barrier properties, while their pure graphitic composition makes them excellent electrical and thermal conductors. Graphene nanoplatelets can improve mechanical properties such as stiffness, strength, and surface hardness of the matrix material. When  graphene nanoplatelets  are added at 2-5wt% to plastics or resins they make these materials electrically or thermally condu

Antimony Tin Oxide (ATO) Nanoparticles/Nanopowder and Applications of Antimony Tin Oxide Nanopowders/Nanoparticle Description of Antimony Tin Oxide (ATO)  Antimony Tin Oxide is a chemical compound consists of three different element, Antimony, Tin and Oxygen with the general formula of Sb 2 SnO 5. Hallow ATO Spheres* Applications of Antimony Tin Oxide (ATO) Nanoparticles/Nanopowder  In the construction of LEDs, LCDs and other lights and display devices, ATO nanoparticles/nanopowder are used. For energy storage Antimony Tin Oxide nanoparticles/nanopowder are very useful. Antimony Tin Oxide nanoparticles/nanopowder serve as UV protector when they are applied as transparent UV protection tool. Antimony Tin Oxide nanoparticles/nanopowder show resistance to many different organic and inorganic chemicals and this property makes Antimony Tin Oxide nanoparticles/nanopowder an ideal additive for general corrosion-resistance. Antimony Tin Oxide Nanopowders/Nanoparticle can be widely

Europium Oxide Nanoparticles/Nanopowder and Europium Oxide Nanopowder/Nanoparticle Applications ropium Oxide and Its Chemical Properties  Europium Oxide (Eu 2 O 3 ) is a chemical compound that consists of europium metal and oxygen. uropium oxide has two common structures which are monoclinic and cubic. This compound has very high melting (2350 °C) and boiling (4,118 °C) points. Europium Oxide may be formed by ignition of europium metal. Applications of Europium Oxide Nanoparticles/Nanopowder  Since Europium oxide nanoparticles/nanopowder shows high efficiency as a luminescent material , these nanoparticles/nanopowder may be used in color televisions and other color displays. In the production of specialty glasses, particularly those for use in lamps or with phosphorescent properties Europium Oxide nanoparticles/nanopowder are very useful. Europium dioxide nanoparticles/nanopowder can react with acids and at the end of this reaction Europium (III) salts can be obtained.

General Information about Cuprous Oxide Cuprous oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Cu 2 O. It is one of the principal oxides of copper. Cuprous oxide can appear either yellow or red, depending on the size of the particles.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Cuprous Oxide Nanoparticles/Nanopowder and Application Areas                                                   The importance of  nanoparticles/nanopowder  is growing day by day in today's world because of their unique properties. Like other nanoparticles/nanopowder,  Cuprous Oxide nanoparticles/nanopowder  are used in many different applications. Nanoparticles/Nanopowder of Cuprous Oxide can be used as antifouling agent for marine paints. In this application Nanoparticles/Nanopowd

Erbium Oxide Properties                                                    Erbium Oxide which has a pink color with a cubic crystal structure, is synthesized from the metal  erbium . Erbium metal tarnishes slowly in air.  Erbium burns readily to form Erbium Oxide. Erbium oxide is insoluble in water and soluble in mineral acids. Er2O3 readily absorb moisture and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. It can react with acids to form the corresponding Erbium (III) salts. For example, with hydrochloric acid, the oxide follows the reaction Er 2 O 3  + 6 HCl → 2 ErCl 3  + 3 H2O to form erbium chloride. One interesting property of erbium oxides is their ability to up convert energy. Energy up conversion takes place when infrared or visible radiation, low energy light, is converted to ultraviolet or violet radiation higher energy light via multiple transfer or absorption of energy.                                                                                                           

Chromium Carbide and It's Properties                                           Chromium carbide which has the chemical formula of Cr 3 C 2 , exists as a gray solid. This compound is extremely hard and corrosion resistant. It is also a refractory compound, which means that it retains its strength at high temperatures as well. These properties make it useful as an  additive  to metal alloys. When chromium carbide crystals are integrated into the surface of a metal it improves the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the metal, and maintains these properties at elevated temperatures.                                                                                                                                                                             Chromium Carbide Nanoparticles/Nanopowder and Applications Since Chromium Carbide nanoparticles/nanopowder are hard, their general use is to provide hard wear-resistant coatings on parts that need to be protected.  Chrom

G eneral Information about Bismuth Oxide                                    Bismuth Oxide is one of the most important compounds of Bismuth metal. This compound consists of  Bismuth  metal and Oxygen. The color of the compound is bright yellow. Bismuth Oxide is insoluble in water.                                                 Applications of Bismuth Oxide                        Bismuth Oxide nanoparticles/nanopowder  have applications in electronic and in glass and ceramic industry. In electronics Bismuth Oxide nanoparticles/nanopowder are used in capacitors, pressure-sensitive resistors and solid electrolytes. In order to improve the performance of materials  Bismuth Oxide nanoparticles/nanopowder  are used. Bismuth Oxide nanoparticles/nanopowder also increase the index of refraction when added to glass. Bismuth Oxide is used as a substitute for lead oxide in glass and Bismuth Oxide nanoparticles/nanopowder are the best substitute of Lead Glaze. Bismuth Oxide nanoparticle

Properties of Aluminum Nitride                                                 Aluminum Nitride  is a chemical which does not occur naturally but synthesized from the elements aluminum and nitrogen. Aluminum Nitride is a covalent bonded chemical and has a hexagonal crystal structure.                                                                                                                                                                             Applications of Aluminum Nitride Nanoparticles/Nanopowder                                                              Aluminum Nitride  has high thermal conductivity and high electrical resistivity. The thermal expansion coefficient of Aluminum Nitride close to Silicon. These properties of Aluminum Nitride powder make it suitable for the applications in electronic devices,  optical  devices, and in composites.  Aluminum Nitride  is used in manufacturing of integrated circuit boards. Aluminum Nitride is a very good chemical to

Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles/Nanopowder and Applications  Aluminum Oxide and It's Properties  Aluminum Oxide is a chemical compound that consists of Aluminum metal and Oxygen with the chemical formula of Al 2 O 3 . Aluminum Oxide is commonly called alumina. This compound is insoluble in water and is significant in its use to produce aluminum metal, as an abrasive owing to its hardness, and as a refractory material owing to its high melting point. Application Areas of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles/Nanopowder Since Aluminum Oxide nanoparticles/nanopowder have high toughness, fire resistance, anti-friction and insulating properties, they are used in ceramics and composites. You may use Aluminum Oxide nanoparticles/nanopowder in production of burner discharge lamp, integrated circuits, prostheses, etc. Aluminum oxide nanoparticles/nanopowder has excellent properties for far infrared emission. These nanoparticles/nanopowder used in fiber fabric products and high pressure s