Skip to main content

Rundown about Gadolinium and Its Applications

Gadolinium(Gd) is the one of the lanthanide metals with an atomic number 64. Gadolinium is a bright, soft, silvery-white metal which is both ductile and malleable. Gadolinium was discovered in 1880 by Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignacby using spectroscopy while an oxide preparation was made taken from mineral samarskite. Pure metallic gadolinium, nearly 99.3% pure, was first prepared by French chemist and engineer Felix Trombe in 1935. Pure gadolinium itself exhibits a large magneto caloric effect near its Curie temperature of 20oC. Hence, it has sparked great interest in producing gadolinium alloys with a larger effect and tunable Curie temperature. One of the gadolinium isotopes, 157Gd, has a highest thermal neutron capture cross section of any known stable element. Gadolinium is mainly extracted from monazite and bastnasite. Heating gadolinium oxide and salts with calcium at 1450oC in argon atmosphere the needed gadolinium could be obtained. Sponge gadolinium could be produced from gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) by reducing it with some appropriate metals at 1312oC at a low pressure. Gadolinium has no large applications, but it has a variety of specialized uses.
Applications:
Gadolinium is used in neutron radiography and in shielding of nuclear reactors with high effectiveness.
Gadolinium is used to target tumors in neutron therapy since gadolinium has a high neutron cross section
Gadolinium is used as a secondary, emergency shut down measure in some nuclear reactors, particularly of the CANDU reactor type
Gadolinium is used in marine propulsion systems as a burnable poison
Gadolinium is used to improve the workability and resistance of iron, chromium and related alloys to high temperatures and oxidation by adding a very few amount of it (nearly 0.01 fraction of alloy)
Gadolinium is used in alloys to make magnets, electronic components and data storage disks
Gadolinium is used for making gadolinium yttrium garnet which has microwave applications and is used in various optical components and as a substrate material for magneto-optical films
Gadolinium is used in intravenous agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to its magnetic properties
https://nanografi.com/nanoparticles/gd2o3-gadolinium-oxide-nanoparticles-13-95nm-purity-99-99/

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Usage of Silver Conductive Adhesive Paste in Corrosion Protection

In electronics, solders are main material to connect electrical components to substrates which are generally printed circuit boards. Although they are cheap, they are not effective if long term performance is considered since solders have low resistivity to corrosion relatively. Since corrosion reduce reliability, the cost of advanced technological systems such as RADAR, SONAR, LIDAR and more increase. In addition, small signals can be lost, and in huge data transfer, some of the data can be lost also especially which may lead catastrophic failures in critical systems. For instance, surface to air missiles can be launched to target which is not exist if the data coming from detection systems is noisy. Therefore, corrosion protection is necessary, and  silver conductive adhesive paste  is an essential candidate to replace PbSn solders due to its resistivity to corrosion. Silver conductive adhesive paste provide not only noisy reduction but also electromagnetic interference whi...
Post a Comment
Read more

Titanium Carbide Powders and Applications

Titanium carbide which has the chemical formula of TiC attracted great interest for many structural applications due to its extremely high melting temperature, high hardness, high chemical resistance and good electrical conductivity. Therefore titanium carbide can be used in cutting tools, grinding wheels, wear-resistant coatings, high temperature heat exchangers, magnetic recording heads, turbine engine seals, and bullet-proof vests, etc. In addition, a promising field of application comprises plasma and flame spraying processes in air, where titanium carbide-based powders show high-phase stability. TiC(Titanium Carbide Powder) (325 mesh, 99,9+%)  can also be used in biomedical implant devices. Materials used for biomedical implant devices must satisfy a variety of property demands, which are often mutually exclusive. Further, different parts of a device demand different material properties. These factors often make it difficult to manufacture a medical device using a...
Post a Comment
Read more

Hydroxyapatite Nanopowders and Their Applications

Hydroxyapatite, is a naturally occurring mineral form of calcium apatite with the formula Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 (OH). Pure hydroxyapatite powder is white. Naturally occurring apatites can, however, also have brown, yellow, or green colorations, comparable to the discolorations of dental fluorosis. Hydroxyapatite Nanopowder/Nanoparticles (50 nm, 99.95+%)  has been widely used as a biocompatible ceramic in many areas of medicine, but mainly for contact with bone tissue, due to its resemblance to mineral bone. In mammals, the skeleton presents a carbonated and partially substituted apatite, based on nanocrystal aggregates, and associated with collagen, building up 3-D structures present in various bone tissue conformations like trabecular or cancellous bone. There has been growing interest in developing bioactive synthetic ceramics that could closely mimic natural apatite characteristics. As mentioned before,  Hydroxyapatite Nanopowder  is the main inorganic constituent of bon...
Post a Comment
Read more