Nanografi Nanotechnology

A wafer, also called a slice or substrate . It is actually a thin piece of semiconductor material, such as a crystalline silicon. It is mostly used in electronics for the fabrication of integrated circuits and in photovoltaics for conventional, wafer-based solar cells. The wafer serves as the substrate for microelectronic devices. Today silicon chips are everywhere. Some microfabrication process step like doping or ion implantation, etching, deposition of various materials, and photolithographic patterning are applied. . Finally the individual microcircuits are separated (dicing) and packaged. Wafers are formed of  highly pure (99.9999999% purity ), nearly defect-free single crystalline material.  Ultrabook devices, smartphones, tablets, high performance computing, data centers included this material.  Engineers automate factories and are embedded in automobiles and everyday devices. The most sophisticated processor can contain hundreds of millions or billions of tr...

http://nanografi.com/blog/carbon-nanotube-is-only-way-to-turn-your-big-dream-into-reality/ For the last decade, engineers and scientists have tried to use the unique properties of carbon nanotubes to create high-performance electronics devices that are faster or energetically more efficient. That means longer battery life and higher speed of electronic devices such as laptops, smartphones. Until now, silicon and gallium arsenide used in computer chips and personal electronics . Engineers from University of Wisconsin-Madison material science achieved current that's 1.9 times higher than silicon transistors. Michael Arnold who is head of this research team, said that "This achievement has been a dream of nanotechnology for the last 20 years,". Also he claimed that carbon nanotube transistors that are better than silicon transistors is a big milestone. As to extrapolations from single nanotube measurements, carbon nanotube transistors should be abl...

http://nanografi.com/blog/new-trend-material-for-food-packaging-nanoclay/ Food packaging plays a vital role in preserving food throughout the distribution chain. A package provides protection, resistance, and special physical, chemical, or biological needs.    In recent years, the development of novel food packaging (modified atmosphere & active packaging) has increased the shelf life of foods. Moreover, their safety and quality  has increased parallely. Nanotechnology offers several advantages to food packaging industry. For example, barrier resistance, functional performance increase with nanotechnology. A recent trend is to use nanocomposites materials for food-packaging applications. Nanoclay is one the most popular material used in food packaging industry. Small plate-shaped particles of clay, 1nm thick and 1,000nm in diameter. These tiny partciles are embedded into the plastics normally used for packaging, such as polypropylene and polyethylene. ...

Nanotechnology  takes attention in the recent past. There are several applications of nanoparticles have entered into a variety of fields such as electronics, optic, cosmetics, medicine and biotechnology. Zirconium  is one the most popular nanoparticle.It is a very strong, malleable, ductile, lustrous silver-gray metal. Its chemical and physical properties are similar to those of   titanium. Also, zirconium is  extremely resistant to heat and corrosion . Moreover, zirconium is lighter than  steel  and its hardness is similar to  copper . Zirconium powder is black and is regarded as very dangerous fire hazard. Zirconium does not dissolve in acids and alkalis. Zirconium (atomic symbol: Zr, atomic number: 40) is a Block D, Group 4, Period 5 element with an atomic weight of 91.224. Zirconium silicate is the principal mineral of elemental zirconium. Zirconium is commercially produced as a byproduct of titanium and tin mining and has many applic...

An  antimicrobial  is an agent that kills microorganisms or inhibits their growth. There are several industry depends on antibacterial agents like  textile industry, water disinfection, medicine, and food packaging . Organic compounds used for  disinfection  have some disadvantages such as toxicity to the human body. Therefore, the interest in inorganic disinfectants such as metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) is increasing. One of the most important inorganic disinfectant nanoparticles is  Silver (Ag).  Silver ions or salts are well known, but the effects of Ag nanoparticles on microorganisms has received considerable attention in the past few years in the field of microbiology and biotechnology. The antimicrobial activity of Ag nanoparticles was investigated against  yeast,  Escherichia coli , and  Staphylococcus aureus . First advantage of Ag is that it is a  bacterial growth inhibitor . Ag nanoparticles inhibit growth of these ...

Drug delivery  technology  has received considerable attention in the past few years in the field of biomedical nanotechnology. Drug delivery implies that the approaches, technologies, process and systems for transporting a pharmaceutical compound in the body as needed. Drug delivery system is related with the quality, quantity and duration of drug presence. It is also concerned with scientific site of pharmaceutical compounds within the body. That means proper drug delivery system must transport pharmaceutical compounds with proper quantity into the accurate sites of the body. Drug delivery is often approached via a drug's chemical formulation, but it may also involve medical devices or drug-device combination products. Silicon (Si) is a biomaterial, one of the most frequent elements in the earth’s crust.A range of methods can be applied for the fabrication of porous Si, such as chemical stain etching, chemical vapor etching, laser-induced etching, metal-assisted etching, s...

We mentioned in our “Harvesting Solar Power with Nanomaterials” blog how the introduction of nanomaterials in solar technology improves the efficiency, and reduces the cost of solar systems. This is due to the unique properties of the nanomaterials which lead to band gap adjustments, higher absorption, and less charge recombination. Here, we discover the new features that nanotechnology can introduce to the solar cells and solar technology. Extensive research have been done in different universities and facilities to develop solar cells and to introduce new materials in order to improve their performance and create new properties such as flexibility, transparency, and self-cleaning. Flexibility is a new and important property of solar cells that can be achieved by nanotechnology. An example of these research, is the research done in MIT to develop solar cells that are made from single molecule thick sheets of graphene and other nanomaterials such as molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2). Th...