Nanomaterials in Construction Industry

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In modern construction field, most common used materials are concrete, glass, steel and timbers. By the help of the improvement in nanotechnology, materials at nano scale offer enhanced properties for construction purposes. Because, nano-materials can suddenly exhibit different properties compared to macro-scale. For example, Carbon Nanotube, one of the important nanomaterials, indicates 150 times higher strength value and approximately six times lighter than steel.

Studies in nano composites for improvement in cement performance are very important for construction industry. The materials such as Nano-Titania (TiO₂), Carbon Nanotube, Nano Silica (SiO₂) and Nano-Alumina (Al₂O₃) can be combined with cement. These materials are densifying the matrix which cause to increase in strength and speed chemical reactions e.g. hydration reaction. Due to effective filling pores with nano particles, strength and durability of the material will be improved. Therefore, nano-particles can produce a new generation of cement composites with enhanced properties. Most important nanomaterials with potential use in construction are Carbon Nanotube, TiO₂, SiO₂, ZnO, Ag, Al₂O₃, ZrO₂ and WO₃ nanoparticles. These nano-materials can be used for different construction purposes as in the following list.

·         Usage of Carbon nanotube instead of steel cables in bridges.
·         Nano Silica for densifying cement composites.
·         Addition of resistive Carbon Nano fibers in concrete roads especially for snowy regions.
·         Titania nanomaterials for producing photo catalytic concrete.
·         Nano Calcite particles for protection of sealants from aggression.
·         Nano Clays to improve plastic and flow characteristics of cement.
·         Nano TiO₂ to enhance urban air quality.

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