Nanografi Nanotechnology

A wafer, also called a slice or substrate . It is actually a thin piece of semiconductor material, such as a crystalline silicon. It is mostly used in electronics for the fabrication of integrated circuits and in photovoltaics for conventional, wafer-based solar cells. The wafer serves as the substrate for microelectronic devices. Today silicon chips are everywhere. Some microfabrication process step like doping or ion implantation, etching, deposition of various materials, and photolithographic patterning are applied. . Finally the individual microcircuits are separated (dicing) and packaged. Wafers are formed of  highly pure (99.9999999% purity ), nearly defect-free single crystalline material.  Ultrabook devices, smartphones, tablets, high performance computing, data centers included this material.  Engineers automate factories and are embedded in automobiles and everyday devices. The most sophisticated processor can contain hundreds of millions or billions of transistors inte

http://nanografi.com/blog/carbon-nanotube-is-only-way-to-turn-your-big-dream-into-reality/ For the last decade, engineers and scientists have tried to use the unique properties of carbon nanotubes to create high-performance electronics devices that are faster or energetically more efficient. That means longer battery life and higher speed of electronic devices such as laptops, smartphones. Until now, silicon and gallium arsenide used in computer chips and personal electronics . Engineers from University of Wisconsin-Madison material science achieved current that's 1.9 times higher than silicon transistors. Michael Arnold who is head of this research team, said that "This achievement has been a dream of nanotechnology for the last 20 years,". Also he claimed that carbon nanotube transistors that are better than silicon transistors is a big milestone. As to extrapolations from single nanotube measurements, carbon nanotube transistors should be abl

http://nanografi.com/blog/new-trend-material-for-food-packaging-nanoclay/ Food packaging plays a vital role in preserving food throughout the distribution chain. A package provides protection, resistance, and special physical, chemical, or biological needs.    In recent years, the development of novel food packaging (modified atmosphere & active packaging) has increased the shelf life of foods. Moreover, their safety and quality  has increased parallely. Nanotechnology offers several advantages to food packaging industry. For example, barrier resistance, functional performance increase with nanotechnology. A recent trend is to use nanocomposites materials for food-packaging applications. Nanoclay is one the most popular material used in food packaging industry. Small plate-shaped particles of clay, 1nm thick and 1,000nm in diameter. These tiny partciles are embedded into the plastics normally used for packaging, such as polypropylene and polyethylene. ·          I

Nanotechnology  takes attention in the recent past. There are several applications of nanoparticles have entered into a variety of fields such as electronics, optic, cosmetics, medicine and biotechnology. Zirconium  is one the most popular nanoparticle.It is a very strong, malleable, ductile, lustrous silver-gray metal. Its chemical and physical properties are similar to those of   titanium. Also, zirconium is  extremely resistant to heat and corrosion . Moreover, zirconium is lighter than  steel  and its hardness is similar to  copper . Zirconium powder is black and is regarded as very dangerous fire hazard. Zirconium does not dissolve in acids and alkalis. Zirconium (atomic symbol: Zr, atomic number: 40) is a Block D, Group 4, Period 5 element with an atomic weight of 91.224. Zirconium silicate is the principal mineral of elemental zirconium. Zirconium is commercially produced as a byproduct of titanium and tin mining and has many applications as a  opacifier and a refra